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2022-08-26
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╙╘┼╔╬═┴╬ ╘┼═╨╠┴╘┼
α ╙EVERAL QUESTIONS REGARDING THE
GENERAL NATURE OF SPREADSHEETS HAVE
ARISEN SINCE ╠╧┴─╙╘┴╥ PUBLISHED AN
ABRIDGED VERSION OF ╘HE ╙TEINMAN
╙PREADSHEET ON ╔SSUE 15.
╘HESE QUESTIONS VARY IN NATURE FROM
"╫HAT SHOULD ╔ DO WITH IT, NOW THAT ╔
HAVE IT?" TO "╚OW DO ╔ GO ABOUT
CONSTRUCTING A TEMPLATE?"
╤UESTIONS ABOUT THE PURPOSES TO
WHICH A SPREADSHEET SHOULD BE PUT ARE
DIFFICULT TO ANSWER. ╙PREADSHEETS ARE
EXCELLENT FOR ROTE TASKS SUCH AS
BALANCING YOUR CHECKBOOK AND
THEY'RE EQUALLY USEFUL FOR PERFORMING
SOPHISTICATED FINANCIAL ANALYSES.
├OMPUTER OWNERS HAVE USED THESE
PROGRAMS TO TRACK ELECTRICAL USAGE IN
THEIR HOME AND TO TRACK THE CASH FLOW
OF THEIR BUSINESS.
╔T REALLY IS THE CASE THAT THE ONLY
LIMITATION IS YOUR IMAGINATION. ┴NY
TIME YOUR HAND REACHES FOR A
CALCULATOR, YOU MIGHT WANT TO
CONSIDER WHETHER A SPREADSHEET MIGHT
NOT BE MORE EFFICIENT FOR THE
PURPOSE. ╘HE ANSWER WON'T ALWAYS BE
AFFIRMATIVE, BUT THE NUMBER OF TIMES
YOU'LL RECOGNIZE THAT A SPREADSHEET
WOULD BE MORE USEFUL WILL BE
EYE-OPENING.
╔N THIS ISSUE, WE PRESENT AN
AMORTIZATION TEMPLATE FOR USE WITH
╙TEINMAN. ╫E'LL EXPLAIN HOW THE
TEMPLATE WAS CONSTRUCTED AND THAT
SHOULD ANSWER MANY OF THE TECHNICAL
QUESTIONS ABOUT USING THE PROGRAM
THAT HAVE ARISEN.
╘O THIS END, WE ARE ╬╧╘ REPEATING
THE OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS THAT WERE
INCLUDED ON ╔SSUE 15. ╔NSTEAD, WE'RE
ENCLOSING A COPY OF THE ╙TEINMAN
├OMMAND ├HART THAT WILL SUPPLEMENT
THE INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN ON ╔SSUE 15.
╞OR THOSE OF YOU WHO ARE NEW TO
╠╧┴─╙╘┴╥, YOU MAY BUY THE BACK ISSUE
CONTAINING THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR
$9.95, OR YOU MAY PURCHASE THE ENTIRE
╙TEINMAN PACKAGE--CONSISTING OF A
64-PAGE MANUAL, THE COMMAND CHART,
AND THE FULL FOUR-MODULE PROGRAM--FOR
$29.95. ═ANY OF YOU WILL FIGURE OUT
THE OPERATION OF THE PROGRAM FROM THE
COMMAND CHART ALONE.
╘HIS ISSUE CONTAINS THE ABRIDGED
VERSION OF THE ╙TEINMAN SPREADSHEET
MODULE ALONG WITH TWO DATA FILES:
╠╧┴╬-24 IS THE AMORTIZATION TEMPLATE
AND ╠╧┴╬1 SHOWS AN EXAMPLE OF THE
TEMPLATE FILLED IN.
--------------------------------------
╫╚┴╘ ╔╙ ┴ ╘┼═╨╠┴╘┼?
╔N SPREADSHEET PARLANCE, A TEMPLATE
IS THE SKELETON OF A SYSTEM OF
CALCULATIONS THAT CONTAINS ALL OF THE
LABELS AND FORMULAS NECESSARY TO
PERFORM A GIVEN FUNCTION. ╔N
ESSENCE, A TEMPLATE IS A "FORM"
SPREADSHEET THAT CAN BE USED TO
CONSTRUCT SEVERAL SIMILAR SPREADSHEET
MODELS.
╔T IS WISE TO MAKE TEMPLATES
WHENEVER YOU KNOW THAT THERE WILL BE
MORE THAN ONE USE FOR A SYSTEM OF
CALCULATIONS. ╨REPARING AND USING
TEMPLATES IS ONE OF THE WAYS OF
HARNESSING THE POWER INHERENT IN A
SPREADSHEET.
╘HE BEST WAY TO STUDY THE TEMPLATE
ON THIS ISSUE IS TO PRINT OUT THESE
INSTRUCTIONS AND THEN GET THE
TEMPLATE ON THE SCREEN. ╘HAT WAY,
YOU'LL BE ABLE TO FOLLOW THE
DISCUSSION BY EXAMINING THE CELL
CONTENTS.
--------------------------------------
╘╚┼ ═┴╦╔╬╟ ╧╞ ┴ ╘┼═╨╠┴╘┼
╬OW, YOU'RE READING THE PRINTOUT,
RIGHT? ╧KAY, LET'S GET YOUR TEMPLATE
ON THE SCREEN. ╟O TO THE END OF THIS
ARTICLE AND PRESS THE ┬RITISH POUND
SIGN (\) TO RUN ╘HE ╙TEINMAN
╙PREADSHEET.
╘HE PROGRAM WILL LOAD AND YOU WILL
BE ASKED THE NAME OF THE SPREADSHEET
TO LOAD. ┼NTER
╠╧┴╬-24
AND PRESS RETURN. ┘OU'LL BE ASKED IF
THIS IS A NEW SPREADSHEET. ┴NSWER
"╬" AND YOU'LL BE PROMPTED TO INSERT
YOUR DATA DISK IN THE DRIVE. ╔T'S
ALREADY THERE, SO ANSWER "┘" TO THE
QUESTION "╔S DISK DRIVE READY?" AND
THE TEMPLATE WILL LOAD.
********╫┴╥╬╔╬╟********
╘HERE IS ╬╧ ROOM ON THIS ISSUE
TO SAVE YOUR CALCULATIONS. ╔F
YOU WANT TO SAVE OFF THE DATA
YOU ENTER INTO ╠╧┴╬-24, BE SURE
TO HAVE A FORMATTED DATA DISK
READY.
**********************
╞IRST, LET'S LOOK AT THE STATUS
BAR, UNDER THE FILE NAME ╠╧┴╬-24.
╙OME ENTRIES ARE DIFFERENT THAN THE
DEFAULTS PRESENTED WHEN ╙TEINMAN IS
STARTED.
╘HE PRECISION INDICATOR HAS BEEN
CHANGED TO @2, THE FIXED DECIMAL
INDICATOR HAS BEEN CHANGED TO ╞2, AND
THE ORDER OF CALCULATION HAS BEEN
CHANGED TO HORIZONTAL, AS INDICATED
BY THE HORIZONTAL ARROW. ╘HESE
CHANGES REFLECT THE DOLLARS-AND-CENTS
NATURE OF THE DATA AND THE LAYOUT OF
THIS PARTICULAR TEMPLATE.
╨╠┴╬╬╔╬╟ ┴╚┼┴─
╙PREADSHEETS GENERALLY CALCULATE
FROM THE UPPER LEFT CORNER OF THE
MODEL TO THE LOWER RIGHT CORNER,
REGARDLESS OF THE ORDER OF
CALCULATION. ╘HIS HAS IMMEDIATE
IMPLICATIONS IN TERMS OF MODEL
DESIGN.
┴LL DATA THAT IS CONSTANT AND IS
NEEDED FOR SUBSEQUENT FORMULAS SHOULD
BE AS NEAR THE TOP AND AS FAR TO THE
LEFT AS POSSIBLE (OR NECESSARY).
┴S WE LOOK AT THIS TEMPLATE, WE SEE
THAT PRINCIPAL, INTEREST, AND NUMBER
OF MONTHS OF PAYMENTS--ALL OF WHICH
ARE CONSTANTS FOR A GIVEN MODEL--ARE
ENTERED RIGHT AT THE TOP OF THE
TEMPLATE IN LINES 1, 2, AND 3,
RESPECTIVELY. ╔NTEREST IS ENTERED AS
A WHOLE NUMBER RATHER THAN AS A
PERCENTAGE.
╬EXT, WE'LL NEED TO KNOW WHAT THE
MONTHLY PAYMENT IS. ╔F YOU GO TO A
FINANCE COMPANY, THEY'LL TELL YOU.
┬UT SUPPOSE YOU'RE USING THIS
TEMPLATE TO DETERMINE WHAT AMOUNT YOU
CAN AFFORD TO BORROW AND PAY BACK IN
24 MONTHS, OR WHAT TERM YOU'LL
REQUIRE ON A LOAN OF $3000 IN ORDER
TO AFFORD THE PAYMENTS? ╘HEN THE
PROGRAM WILL HAVE TO CALCULATE THE
MONTHLY PAYMENT FOR YOU. ╘HE FORMULA
FOR THAT CALCULATION EXISTS IN ╠INE
4, ├OLUMN 4 (╠4├4).
╫HEN CONSTRUCTING TEMPLATES, IT'S
VITAL TO USE CLEAR, DESCRIPTIVE
LABELS SO THAT WHEN YOU RETURN TO THE
MODEL AT A LATER DATE, YOU WON'T BE
WONDERING WHAT YOU INTENDED FOR A
GIVEN CELL. ╘HAT'S THE PURPOSE OF THE
LABELS THAT YOU SEE THROUGHOUT THIS
TEMPLATE.
--------------------------------------
╒╙╔╬╟ ╙╘┼╔╬═┴╬ ╞╒╬├╘╔╧╬╙ ╘╧
╠╔╟╚╘┼╬ ╘╚┼ ├╧╬╙╘╥╒├╘╔╧╬ ╠╧┴─
╧NCE THE CONSTANTS AND LABELS HAVE
BEEN PROVIDED FOR, IT'S TIME TO SET
UP THE MEAT OF THE TEMPLATE. ╔T'S
HERE THAT A GOOD SPREADSHEET LIGHTENS
YOUR LOAD.
╞OR EXAMPLE, ├OLUMN 1 CONTAINS THE
NUMBER OF THE PAYMENT YOU ARE MAKING,
BEGINNING IN ╠INE 9 WITH PAYMENT 1.
╔T'S NOT A TERRIBLE BURDEN TO ENTER
EACH NUMBER, 1 THROUGH 24, ON THE
PROPER LINE, BUT THERE'S AN EASIER
WAY.
┴T ╠9├1, A 1╞0 WAS ENTERED. ╘HE 1
REPRESENTS THE FIRST MONTHLY PAYMENT
AND THE ╞0 SPECIFIES THAT THIS CELL
WILL HAVE NO DECIMAL POINTS, THUS
OVERRIDING THE DECIMAL INDICATOR ON
THE STATUS BAR.
┴T ╠10├1, WE CONSTRUCT A FORMULA
THAT SAYS "╘AKE THE PRECEDING LINE
AND ADD 1 TO IT." ╘HE FORM OF THE
FORMULA IS:
+╠9├1+1╞0
╬OW IT'S EASY TO GET THE REST OF
THE NUMBERS BY REPLICATING THE
FORMULA IN ╠10├1 THROUGH AS MANY
CELLS AS NEEDED. ╨RESS THE ╞7
FUNCTION KEY TO REACH THE ├ONTROL
═ODE, PRESS ╙╚╔╞╘-╥ AND SPECIFY
RELATIVE REFERENCING. ╓OILA! ╘HE
NUMBERS 1 THROUGH 24 APPEAR IN ├OLUMN
1.
┬OTH FOR VISUAL CONTINUITY AND AS
AN AID IN WRITING A FORMULA, WE SET
╠8├4 EQUAL TO THE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT BY
SPECIFYING THAT THE VALUE IN ╠8├4 IS:
+╠1├2
╫E USED THE FORMULA TO REFERENCE
THE DATA SO THAT IF WE GO BACK AND
CHANGE OUR PRINCIPAL AMOUNT IN ╠1├2,
THE CHANGE WILL AUTOMATICALLY BE
REFLECTED THROUGHOUT THE
CALCULATIONS.
╬OW WE CAN USE ╠8├4 TO CONSTRUCT
OUR INTEREST PAYMENT FORMULA IN
├OLUMN 2.
╔N ╠9├2, WE NEED TO DETERMINE HOW
MUCH INTEREST WILL BE PAID THE FIRST
MONTH. ╘HE FORMULA IS OUTSTANDING
PRINCIPAL TIMES MONTHLY INTEREST
RATE. ╔N TERMS OF THIS MODEL'S DATA,
THAT TRANSLATES TO:
+╠8├4*(╠2├2/100/12)
╠8├4 IS THE BEGINNING PRINCIPAL
AMOUNT AND ╠2├2 IS THE INTEREST RATE
IN WHOLE NUMBERS. ╫E DIVIDE BY 100 TO
GET THE PERCENTAGE RATE AND DIVIDE
BY 12 TO GET THE MONTHLY RATE.
╬OW WE CAN REPLICATE THIS FORMULA
DOWN ├OLUMN 2. ╨RESS ╙╚╔╞╘-╥ IN
├ONTROL ═ODE AND CHOOSE RELATIVE
REFERENCING FOR THE TERM ╠8├4 AND
ABSOLUTE REFERENCING FOR THE TERM
╠2├2.
╥ELATIVE REFERENCING WILL STEP THE
LINE NUMBER BY ONE FOR EACH
DESCENDING CELL, WHILE ABSOLUTE
REFERENCING MEANS TO ALWAYS REFER
BACK TO THAT PARTICULAR CELL. ╫E
CHOOSE RELATIVE REFERENCING FOR THE
FIRST TERM BECAUSE WE'LL BE UPDATING
THE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OUTSTANDING IN
├OLUMN 4 AFTER EACH PAYMENT.
╬OW WE KNOW HOW MUCH INTEREST WE'RE
INCLUDING IN THE FIRST MONTH'S
PAYMENT, SO WE'RE READY TO MOVE ON TO
├OLUMN 3 AND DETERMINE HOW MUCH
PRINCIPAL WAS PAID. ╘